Hedera

Hedera operates as a public distributed ledger using hashgraph consensus technology instead of traditional blockchain architecture. The network employs a directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure that enables asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance (aBFT) with deterministic finality.

Key Network Statistics:

• 37 billion transactions processed since mainnet launch
• 39-member governing council including Google, IBM, and Boeing
• 10+ million daily transactions average throughput
• 3-5 second finality with guaranteed ordering
• $0.0001 average transaction fee capped in USD terms

The platform provides four native services operating at the consensus layer: Hedera Consensus Service (HCS) for verifiable timestamps, Hedera Token Service (HTS) for native token creation, Smart Contract Service with EVM compatibility, and File Service for on-network storage.

Hashgraph Consensus uses gossip-about-gossip protocol where nodes share transaction information with randomly selected peers, achieving consensus through virtual voting without direct communication between all nodes. This architecture delivers 10,000+ transactions per second throughput with fair transaction ordering.

The network maintains carbon-negative operations through purchased offsets and energy-efficient consensus consuming 0.00017 kWh per transaction. Enterprise use cases span supply chain tracking, digital identity systems, carbon credit management, and tokenized assets across healthcare and sustainability sectors.

Governance model distributes control across diverse industries, with council members serving maximum two consecutive three-year terms. The council votes on network upgrades and fee schedules, preventing single-entity control while maintaining enterprise-grade reliability.